一直以来，印度人都将自己当成“高贵的”白人，并且诋毁中国污蔑他们是黑人，从客观意义上而言，印度人种就像是一个大熔炉，各种各样的人都有，把自己自诩为人上人的白种人的印度人，究竟是什么人种，真的很难定义。在美版知乎Quora上，印度网友问：中国和印度如此接近，为什么人种完全不一样？这引起各国网友的热议，我们来看看他们的科普。
问题：中国和印度如此接近，为什么外貌完全不一样？
印度网友Keshav的回答
The geographical environment has changed our appearance. India and China may be neighbors, but the distance between northern China and southern India is twice that between France and Central Africa. Why do French natives look so different from Central Africans? After all, the two countries live 40% of the world's population and are the most geographically diverse places in the world.
地理环境改变了我们的外貌，印度和中国可能是邻国，但中国北部和印度南部之间的距离是法国和中非之间距离的两倍，你会问为什么法国本地人与中非人看起来这么不一样吗？毕竟两国生活着全世界40%的人口，还是世界上地理上最多样化的地方。
With such a huge and diverse geographical environment, Indians are also diverse in appearance. Facial features will gradually change from the Himalayas bordering China to the tropical waters in the south.
如此庞大而多样的地理环境，导致印度人在外貌上也是多样的，从与中国接壤的喜马拉雅山脉一直到南部的热带海域，面部特征会逐渐发生变化。
喜马拉雅山脉
The main reason why Chinese and Indians look different is the Himalayas, which has always been a huge barrier. On this barrier, the geographical axis of the two countries is from north to south, which makes the differences between the two countries from east to west.
中国人和印度人长相不同的主要原因是喜马拉雅山脉，它一直是一个巨大的屏障，在这一障碍之上，两国的地理轴线是由北向南，这使得两国人的长相相比由东向西的国家之间差异巨大。
The latitudes of the two countries range from 38.9208 degrees north latitude in China to 6.9344 degrees north latitude in South India (about near the equator). The influence of the sun on the skin changes significantly at each latitude.
这两个国家的纬度范围从中国的北纬38.9208度到南印度的北纬6.9344度（大约是赤道附近），太阳对皮肤的影响在每个纬度都会发生显著的变化。
Generally speaking, in early history, DNA mixing did not often cross the Himalayas, and the characteristics of the two countries are different, but in reality, there is a stable transition of facial features from north to south. For example, Tibet in China and Uttar Pradesh in India are very similar.
一般来说，在早期的历史上，DNA 混合并不经常跨越喜马拉雅山脉，而这两个国家的特征是各异的，但在现实中，从北到南，有一个稳定的面部特征变化过渡，比如中国的西藏和印度北方邦的长相就很相近。
海外网友•哈密得•希尔汗的回答
The populations of India and China have not been replaced until modern times. Unlike the Americas, Australia, southern Africa and even Central Asia, most of the people there have their ancestors from relatively recent immigrants from Europe / the Middle East and East Asia, such as Indians. The replaced populations lack disease resistance, either because of long-term isolation or because of the high population density in adjacent areas and the emergence of new diseases, It has ravaged neighboring areas with a small population.
印度和中国的人口直到近代都没有被取代，不像美洲、澳大利亚、南部非洲，甚至中亚，那里的大部分人其祖先来自相对近期的欧洲/中东和东亚的移民，如印第安人等被取代的人口缺乏抗病能力，要么是因为长期与世隔绝，要么是因为邻近地区人口密度较高，出现了新的疾病，使人口较少的邻近地区饱受蹂躏。
However, both India and China have experienced repeated waves of North-South migration, whether it is because northerners use horses or just because warm land is more attractive. Compared with the population of India and China, these immigrants are not large in scale and have less impact on genes than on language.
然而，印度和中国都经历了反复的南北迁徙浪潮，不管这是因为北方人使用马匹，还是仅仅因为温暖的土地更有吸引力，与印度和中国的人口相比，这些移民的规模并不大，对基因留下的影响比对语言的影响要小。
The migration to India is different from that to China. They come from different northern regions, from West Asia to India and from North Asia (even the “mammoth prairie” of Alaska in the ice age) to China, which partially eliminates the appearance differences between West Asia and South Asia and between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia.
向印度的迁移和向中国的迁移不一样，两者源自不同的北方地区，分别是西亚到印度，与北亚（甚至是冰河时代阿拉斯加的 “猛犸大草原”）到中国，这部分消除了西亚和南亚之间以及东北亚和东南亚之间的外貌差异。
印度雅利安人种
The difference in appearance characteristics of India shows a gradient, from the appearance of Caucasians in the north to the appearance characteristics of Australians in the south, while the gradient in East and Southeast Asia shows the appearance characteristics of Mongols adapting to the cold in the north to the softer Mongols in the south, and then to the appearance characteristics of Australians near Australia and New Guinea.
印度的外貌特征差异显示了一个梯度，从北部高加索人外貌到南部澳大利亚人的外貌特征，而东亚和东南亚的梯度显示为，从北方的适应寒冷的蒙古人外貌特征到南方更柔和南方蒙古人的特征，再到澳大利亚和新几内亚附近的澳大利亚人的的外貌特征。
美国专家罗宾•古普塔的回答
Several reasons:
几个原因：
India and China are separated by the Himalayas, one of the longest continuous mountains in Asia, which makes it impossible for the people of India and China to move and integrate easily.
印度和中国被喜马拉雅山脉隔开，喜马拉雅山脉是亚洲最长的连绵山脉之一，这使得印度和中国的人民无法轻易迁移和融合。
Geographical location and climate. The climate of India and China also plays a key role in the evolution of appearance characteristics. India is dominated by a hot and humid tropical climate, because the Tropic of cancer crosses central India. On the other hand, China is more cold and dry due to its deep location in the northern hemisphere. At the same time, it also experiences severe winter.
地理位置及气候。印度和中国的气候也在外貌特征的演变中起着关键作用，印度以炎热潮湿的热带气候占主导地位，因为北回归线横贯印度中部，另一方面，中国由于深居北半球，所以更加寒冷和干燥，同时也经历着严寒的冬天。
印度地形
Therefore, with the passage of time, human characteristics gradually evolve to adapt to the obviously different general climate of the two countries, Some similarities can be seen near the border between the two countries (northeastern Indian states and Tibet) where there is a cold climate in the mountains.
因此，随着时间的推移，人类的特征逐渐演变，以适应两国明显不同的普遍气候，在存在山区寒冷气候的两国边境 (印度东北部各邦和西藏) 附近，可以看到一些相似之处。
Historic migration. Due to the historical trade route (Silk Road) and the invasion of warlords in the Middle East and Central Asia, the Indian mainland has common characteristics with the people of these regions.
历史性的迁徙。由于历史上的贸易路线 (丝绸之路) 以及中东和中亚军阀的入侵，印度大陆与这些地区的人民有着共同的特点。
On the other hand, due to China's great wall, cold winter and mountainous terrain, China has blocked the invaders in the west, which makes a clear difference between China's indigenous population and those in the Middle East and Central Asia.
另一方面，由于中国的长城，寒冷的冬季和多山的地形，中国阻挡了西部的入侵者，这就造成了中国的土著人口与中东和中亚人保持着明显的区别。
The influence of darapida and Aryan vs the influence of Mongols.
达罗毗荼和雅利安人的影响 vs 蒙古人的影响。
Due to historical migration and geographical location, India's population is mainly spread by the darapitam and Aryans. On the other hand, China is largely based on the Mongolian race (ethnic classification), which is adapted to living in a cold high-altitude climate.
由于历史迁徙和地理位置，印度的人口主要是由达罗毗荼人和雅利安人扩散而来。另一方面，中国在很大程度上是基于蒙古人种 (种族分类) ，他们适应在寒冷的高海拔气候下生活。
Almost all of China's population is Mongolian.
中国的人口几乎都属于蒙古人种。
The Indian population is a mixture of Caucasians (northern India) and Negros (black, southern and western India). This is because these races enter the subcontinent from the northwest plain, southern coastal and eastern plains and low mountain areas (Bangladesh and Myanmar), but few people can cross the Himalayas, Only a few people settled in the Yarlung Zangbo River Plain.
印度人口是部分高加索人（印度北部地区）、部分内格罗人（ 黑色人种，印度南部和西部部分地区）混合成的澳大利亚人种（棕色人种），这是由于这些种族从西北平原、南部海滨和东部平原及低山地区（孟加拉和缅甸地区）进入次大陆，却没有多少人能够穿越喜马拉雅山脉，只有少数人在雅鲁藏布江平原定居。
Another reason is the climatic diversity of the Indian subcontinent, but the Himalayas, forests and cold deserts are the main reasons, and there is no sea route available.
另一个原因是印度次大陆的气候多样性，但喜马拉雅山脉、森林和寒冷的沙漠是主要原因，而且没有可用的海路。
The interaction between the two races is obviously illustrated by the people of Asam and the northeast of India, and the people from today's Burma, Thailand and Indochina (Gu Mingsiyi), though there is interaction what has not happened between Mainland China and the mainland.
两个种族之间的互动，显而易见的例子有阿萨姆和印度东北部的人民，以及来自今天的缅甸、泰国和印度支那的人民（顾名思义），虽然有互动，但在大陆/次大陆之间并没有发生什么。
Therefore, the people of the two countries look so different.
因此，这两个国家的人民看起来是如此不同。
印度网友巴拉吉的回答
For the early migration of human beings, the population returned to India during the ice age after the eruption of Doba volcano 73000 years ago destroyed human beings in India.
对于人类的早期迁徙，73000年前，多峇火山爆发（译注：这种说法叫 多峇巨灾理论 Toba catastrophe theory 多峇火山位于今天印尼苏门答腊岛，是一次超级火山喷发）毁灭了印度的人类之后，冰河时代人口回流到印度。
人口迁移
After climate warming, developed agriculture and animal husbandry have spread to Europe. All Chinese migrate from the coastline of India. The North Road to China starts from the part leaving Central Asia. In the process of migrating to China and Japan for a long time, they form narrow eyes and white skin to adapt to the cold. This can explain why people's facial features change gradually from India to China.
气候变暖后，发达的农业、畜牧业等蔓延到了欧洲，所有中国人都是从印度的海岸线迁徙而来的，通往中国的北路是从离开中亚的那部分开始的，在长时间迁徙到中国和日本的过程中的为适应寒冷形成狭长的眼睛、白皙的皮肤等特征，这就可以解释为什么从印度到中国，人们的面部特征会逐渐改变。
The backflow began during the ice age 45000 years ago. The backflow people began to occupy the coast of the Indian peninsula and make a living by fishing. The population was small until India warmed and vegetation recovered. The time difference between the two was huge, about 40000 years, enough for natural selection to change the appearance.
回流始于45000年前的冰河时期，回流的人开始占据印度半岛的海岸，以捕鱼为生，人口数量很少，直到印度变暖，植被恢复，（两者在）时间上的差异是巨大的，大约4万年，足以让自然选择改变体貌。
India has developed Indo European language, Monda language and darovitea language, which are all ancient history. China may have developed its own language from the early wave of migration before the eruption of Doba volcano. It has also developed its own language for a long time. Chinese is different from all other languages.
印度发展出了印欧语、蒙达语、达罗毗荼语等，这都是古老的历史，中国可能在多峇（托巴）火山爆发之前就已经从早期的（迁徙）浪潮中发展出了自己的语言，它也的确有很长的时间来发展自己的语言，汉语与其他所有语言都不同。
备注：纠正一下这个答案，这位印度答主前面说“所有中国人都是从印度海岸迁徙而来的”，后面又说多峇火山爆发之前中国可能就发展出自己的语言…思维混乱，三哥就是这么神神叨叨，当然有一种可能就是作者手误了，把India写成了“China”，原表述应该是“所有印度人都是从印度海岸迁徙而来的”，然后与中亚迁徙往中国的那一批人类形成对比，这种可能性是最大的。
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