Too much time in the classroom causes
short-sightedness, research shows
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01通读全文
The more years you spend in full-time education, the more short-sighted you are likely to be, according to a large UK study. The link appears to be that students have too little exposure to bright natural light—and the antidote suggested by the researchers is for children to spend more of the day outdoors.
The study, carried out by Cardiff and Bristol university scientists, analysed information on the genetics, eyesight and educational background of 68,000 participants in the UK Biobank database.
The findings, published in the BMJ, imply that a graduate who spent 17 years in education is on average one dioptre more short-sighted than someone who left school at the age of 16 after spending 12 years in education. That deterioration is equivalent to the difference between having perfect vision and needing glasses to drive safely.
“With the rapid rise in the global prevalence of myopia and its vision-threatening complications, together with the economic burden of visual loss, the findings of this study have important implications for educational practices,” said Jez Guggenheim, of Cardiff University’s School of Optometry and Vision Sciences.
Using Biobank data, the Bristol and Cardiff scientists analysed 44 genetic variants associated with risk of myopia and 69 variants associated with time spent in education.
They found that while the number of years at school and college strongly influenced eyesight, there was no effect in the opposite direction: propensity to myopia did not lead people to remain in education for longer.
02词汇解析
link 作名词时表示“联系”，文中表示的是“The more years you spend in full-time education, the more short-sighted you are likely to be”与“students have too little exposure to bright natural light”有联系，可以译作“原因”，那最后就成了：The more years you spend in full-time education, the more short-sighted you are likely to be是因为（原因是）students have too little exposure to bright natural light。这句话的翻译劳驾各位留言试着翻译一下。
antidote n. 解药，解毒剂；矫正方法，对抗手段；
·When he returned, he noticed their sickness and prepared an antidote.
他回来后注意到了他们的病状，于是配制了解毒剂。
·Massage is a wonderful antidote to stress.
按摩是舒缓压力的一剂妙方。
carry out 执行；进行；完成；抬出去；
·The Social Democrats could still carry out their threat to leave the government.
社会民主党人仍有可能将其退出政府的威胁付诸实施。
·Police say they believe the attacks were carried out by nationalists.
警方说，他们认为袭击是民族主义分子发动的。
database n. 数据库；资料库；信息库；
·They maintain a database of hotels that cater for businesswomen.
他们维护着一个服务于商界女性的酒店资料库。
imply vt. & vi. 暗示；意味；隐含；说明，表明；
·要点：1.imply的基本意思是“暗示（指）”，只用作及物动词，可接名词、代词、动名词或that从句作宾语。
2.当主语是人时，imply的宾语后常接介词by或in。
·辨析：1、mean，connote，denote，imply，indicate，signify，suggest，symbolize
这组词的共同意思是“意指”。其区别是：
A. mean是普通用语，对于明确与否的观点、物品都可以用；suggest意为“具有…的含义”，暗示“表明”。例如：
He claims to mean one thing, but his choice of words suggests quite another. 他宣称指的是一件事，而他的话却含有另外一个含义。
B. indicate与imply意为“说明，表明，象征”，indicate通常指明显、明确的事物。例如：
A high fever indicates a severe illness. 高烧预示着要生病了。
imply通常指含蓄地、不明确地“暗示”。例如：
His smile implied that he had forgotten all about the time. 他的笑预示着他完全忘记了时间。
C. denote与connote通常指明示的内容、含义，从外观上即可看出。例如：
The word “lion” denotes (connotes) a certain kind of animal. “狮子”这个词指一种动物。
D. connote与suggest和imply有时可以替换，但connote的用法比其他两个词较为正式。例如：
Hunger connotes (suggests, implies) unhappiness. 饥饿就预示着不高兴。
E. signify与symbolize表示“意味，象征”，symbolize通常指用物、符号代表某物，着重表示抽象的概念。例如：
What does this strange mark signify (symbolize)? 这个奇怪的符号代表什么?
F. signify有时可以和mean互换。例如：
A red sunset signifies (means) fine weather. 一轮火红的落日象征着一个好天气。
2、mean，imply，involve
这组词的共同意思是“意味着”。其区别是：
mean使用范围广，可指专门的、具体的事情，也可指暗示的意义或态度；imply含有不直接用文字或语言作充分表示而是靠听话人理解、领会出暗含的意思；involve表示必然产生某种结果。
3、infer，imply
这组词都与“暗示”有关：imply指作者或讲演者用某种方式暗示的意思；而infer是指读者或听众从“暗示”中推断。例如：
The speaker or writer implies things; the listener or reader infers things. 讲演者和作者暗示事情，听者和读者则从中推断事情。
·搭配：imply by (in) 用…暗示
·She felt undermined by the implied criticism.
她觉得这一含沙射影的批评对自己造成了不利影响。
·Exports in June rose 1.5%, implying that the economy was stronger than many investors had realized.
6月份出口上升1.5%，表明经济比许多投资者所认为的更要坚挺。
dioptre 我们来看看维基百科：
deterioration n. 恶化；变坏；退化；堕落；
·There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war.
人们担心形势可能恶化而演变成一场全面战争。
·The weather conditions are deteriorating.
天气变得越来越糟。
prevalence n. 流行；盛行；普遍；（疾病等的）流行程度；
·This condition is more prevalent in women than in men.
这种病症在女性当中比在男性当中更为普遍。
·Smoking is becoming increasingly prevalent among younger women.
抽烟在年轻女性中变得越来越常见。
myopia n. 近视；缺乏深谋远虑；短视；
·Ophthalmic surgeons are now performing laser surgery to correct myopia.
眼科医生现在采用激光手术来矫正近视。
complication n. [医]并发症；错杂，纠纷；混乱，精神错乱；
·He died of complications from a heart attack.
他死于心脏病发作引起的并发症。
·An added complication is the growing concern for the environment.
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