Facial recognition
Nowhere to hide
Facial recognition is not just another technology. It will change society
人脸识别
无处躲藏
人脸识别不只是另一种技术。它将改变社会（上）
THE human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, whether through an involuntary blushor the artificeof a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to dissimulate.
人类的脸是一件杰作。面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键。人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，无论是通过下意识的脸红还是有技巧的假笑。人们在清醒时花费大量时光研读一张张面孔——在办公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在卧室，寻找着兴趣、敌意、信任和欺骗的迹象。他们也花大把的时间试图掩饰自己的神色。
【词汇复习】
remarkable ADJ: 显著的，非凡的，值得注意的，非常的
work CN: 作品（当作品讲是可数名词）
astonishing ADJ: 令人惊叹的
variety CN: 种类
facial ADJ: 面部的
feature CN: 特征
crucial ADJ: 重要的，决定性的
formation UN: 组成，构成
complex ADJ: 复杂的
signal CN: 信号，暗号
false ADJ: 假的
waking ADJ: 清醒的
courtroom CN: 法庭
【新词习得】
involuntary/ɪnˈvɒləntərɪ/
1. ADJ: happening to you although you do not want it to非自愿的（voluntary的反义词）
2. ADJ: an involuntary movement, sound, reaction etc is one that you make suddenly and without intending to because you cannot control yourself〔动作、声音、反应等〕无意识做出的，非故意的▲an involuntary cry of pain 不由自主的痛苦的喊叫
blush /blʌʃ/
1. VI: to become red in the face because you are embarrassed or ashamed(因尴尬或害羞)脸红，涨红了脸▲(blush with/at) to blush with embarrassment / shame 尴尬/ 羞愧得面颊绯红▲Joan blushed at the unexpected compliment. 这意外的夸奖让琼脸红了。
VI: to be ashamed or embarrassed about sth (因某事)羞愧，尴尬▲(blush to do sth惭愧地做某事) I blush to admit that I haven’t read it. 我都不好意思承认我没有看过。
2. CN: the red colour that spreads over your face when you are embarrassed or ashamed(因难堪、羞愧)面部泛起的红晕▲She felt a warm blush rise to her cheeks. 她感到双颊热辣辣的。（feel+宾语+do 感官动词跟不加to的不定式）
artifice /ˈɑːtɪfɪs/CN/UN: the clever use of tricks to cheat sb诡计；奸计
hostility/hɒˈstɪlɪtɪ/
1. UN: unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behaviour敌意；对抗▲feelings of hostility towards people from other backgrounds 对其他不同背景的人的敌视情绪▲There was open hostility between the two schools.这两所学校公开相互敌对。
2. UN: strong and angry opposition towards an idea, a plan or a situation(对思想、计划或情形的)愤怒反对，愤怒反抗▲public hostility to nuclear power 公众对核动力的愤然反对
deceit /dɪˈsiːt/CN/UN: dishonest behaviour that is intended to make sb believe sth that is not true; an example of this behaviour欺骗，欺诈(行为)；诡计▲He was accused of lies and deceit. 他被指控撒谎和欺诈。
dissimulate /dɪˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/ VI/VT: to hide your real feelings or intentions, often by pretending to have different ones掩盖，掩饰(感情或动机)▲He didn’t attempt to dissimulate or conceal his true feelings. 他没有尝试着掩饰或隐瞒自己的感受。
【语法分析】
People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to dissimulate. 人们在清醒时花费大量时光研读一张张面孔——在办公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在卧室，寻找着兴趣、敌意、信任和欺骗的迹象。他们也花大把的时间试图掩饰自己的神色。
（第一句里有spend some time/some money (in) doing的结构，主干是“People spend much of their waking lives reading faces in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom.”。第二句里也有这一结构。）
So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals, 人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，
（“so ＋助动词＋主语”这一结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“……也一样”。该结构中的助动词根据前文的情况可以是is，am，are，was，were，do, does，did，can，could 等。
“so ＋主语＋助动词”结构则主要用于加强语气，其意为“的确如此、确实如此”，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词根据前文的情况可以变成is，am，are，was，were，do, does，did，can，could 等。）
【翻译技巧】
The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. 面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键。
（英文中的定语“astonishing”翻译成了表语“令人惊叹”；名词“formation”翻译成了动词“形成”。印证了英语喜欢用“名词”，中文喜欢用“动词”的规律。）
People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. 人们在清醒时花费大量时光研读一张张面孔——在办公室，在法庭，在酒吧，在卧室，寻找着兴趣、敌意、信任和欺骗的迹象。
（先看译文，当做中译英看，中文的状语“清醒时”在英文中做成了spend的宾语“their waking lives”，在充分理解的基础上翻译，更加准确，简洁。）
Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it verifiesthe identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen.
科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力。在美国，教堂使用人脸识别来追踪教徒做礼拜的出席情况；在英国，零售商用它来辨认有扒窃前科的顾客。今年，威尔士警方利用人脸识别在足球场外逮捕了一名嫌疑犯。在中国，人脸识别被用于验证网约车司机的身份、让游客刷脸进景点、让顾客微微一笑就能刷脸买单。苹果的新款iPhone预计将用这一技术来解锁屏幕。
【新词习得】
catch up with: 赶上，跟上
track VT: 跟踪
attendance UN/CN: 出席
spot VT: 发现（这里可替代find和search）
past ADJ: 之前的
shoplifter CN: 商店扒手
arrest VT: 逮捕
suspect CN: 嫌疑犯
identify CN: 身份
ride-hailing: 网约车
be expected to do: 有望做某事；被期待做某事
unlock VT: 打开，解锁
homescreen CN: 主屏幕
【新词习得】
worship-worshipped-worshipped-worshipping /ˈwɜːʃɪp/
1. VI/VT: to go to a service in a religious building到宗教场所参加礼拜
2. VT: to love and admire sb very much, especially so much that you cannot see their faults热爱；爱慕，崇拜(尤指达到看不到缺点的地步)▲She worships her children. 她极度疼爱自己的儿女。
worship the ground sb walks on: to admire or love someone so much that you cannot see their faults拜倒在某人脚下〔以致看不到缺点〕▲She worships the ground he walks on.她对他的爱达到痴迷的程度。
worshipperCN: a person who worships God or a god崇拜上帝(或神)的人；做礼拜的人；敬神者；拜神者; 痴迷做某事的人▲sun worshippers lying on the beach 躺在海滩上晒太阳的人们
verify /ˈvɛrɪˌfaɪ/
1. VT: to check that sth is true or accurate核实；查对；核准▲I’ll leave you to verify whether these claims are true.我让你来查核这些说法是否属实。
2. VT: to show or say that sth is true or accurate证明；证实▲Her version of events was verified by neighbours. 她对这些事件的说法已得到邻居的证实。
【语法分析】
in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. 在英国，零售商用它来辨认有扒窃前科的顾客。
（这句话省略了“it is used”，完整的是“it is used by retailers to spot past shoplifters.”）
【翻译技巧】
In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. 在美国，教堂使用人脸识别来追踪教徒做礼拜的出席情况；在英国，零售商用它来辨认有扒窃前科的顾客。今年，威尔士警方利用人脸识别在足球场外逮捕了一名嫌疑犯。在中国，人脸识别被用于验证网约车司机的身份、让游客刷脸进景点、让顾客微微一笑就能刷脸买单。
（英语忌重复，很多出现过的名词用代词替代。大家可以看一下英文中除了第一句使用了“facial recognition”，其他都是用it替代的。而中文不怕重复，经常把英文中的代词还原出来。）
Set againsthuman skills, such applications might seem incremental. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are peculiarto individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrudeon something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.
与人类的技能相比，这样的应用看似只是锦上添花。飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力，而人脸识别似乎只是对面孔进行编码。尽管人的面孔为个人独有，但也是公开的，因此乍看起来，技术并没有侵犯隐私之嫌。但是，低成本、快速、大量地记录、存储和分析人脸图像的能力终有一天会使隐私、公平和信任等观念发生根本性的改变。
【词汇复习】
breakthrough CN: 突破
transform VT: 改变
merely ADV: 仅仅，只不过（可替代only）
encode VT: 编码（词缀en-是“使。。。”的意思【构词法复习】）
individual CN: 个人
at first sight: 乍一看
private ADJ: 私人的
on a …scale: 以。。。的规模
bring about: 产生
fundamental ADJ: 根本的
notion CN: 观念
privacy UN: 隐私
fairness UN: 公平
【新词习得】
set against: 反对；使对立
incremental/ˌɪnkrɪˈmɛntəl/ ADJ Incremental is used to describe something that increases in value or worth, often by a regular amount. 递增的
peculiar/pɪˈkjuːlɪə/
1. ADJ: strange or unusual, especially in a way that is unpleasant or worrying怪异的；奇怪的；不寻常的▲For some peculiar reason, she refused to come inside.出于某种奇怪的原因，她拒绝到里面来。
2. ADJ: belonging or relating to one particular place, situation, person, etc., and not to others (某人、某地、某种情况等) 特有的，特殊的▲（be peculiar to sb/sth）The problem of racism is not peculiar to this country. 种族歧视问题并非只有这个国家才有。
intrude/ɪnˈtruːd/
1. VI: to interrupt someone or become involved in their private affairs in an annoying and unwanted way打扰；干涉〔令对方不快〕▲Would I be intruding if I came with you? 我要是和你一起去，会不会打扰你？
2. VI: to come into a place or situation, and have an unwanted effect闯入；侵扰▲(intrude into / on / upon sb / sth) It is to be hoped that TV cameras never intrude on this peaceful place. 希望电视摄像机永远不要打扰这一宁静祥和之地。
【语法分析】
Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities; 飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力，
（这句话主干是：Some breakthroughs obviously transform human abilities. 要把主语找准，不是flight or the internet。）
so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. 因此乍看起来，技术并没有侵犯隐私之嫌。
（that引导的是定语从句，先行词something在从句中做主语，that不可以省略;且这里关系词只可以用that，不可以用which，因为先行词为不定代词something，不定代词做先行词时，一般只可以用that，不可以用which来连接定语从句。）
And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust. 但是，低成本、快速、大量地记录、存储和分析人脸图像的能力终有一天会使隐私、公平和信任等观念发生根本性的改变。
（语法点1. “。。。的能力”这里使用的是“the ability to”；“。。。的改变”也是使用的“changes to”
语法点2. 句子主干是“the ability promises to bring about fundamental changes”。“to record, store and analyse images of faces”做的“ability”的后置定语；“cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale”是副词以及介词短语做状语；“one day”可以放在最后做时间状语；“to notions of privacy, fairness and trust”做的“changes”的后置定语。）
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