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Justice like waters
正义似海水滔滔
英文部分选自经济学人20200404期逝者版块
Obituary: Joseph Lowery
讣告：约瑟夫•洛厄里
Justice like waters
正义似海水滔滔
Joseph Lowery, preacher and civil-rights campaigner, died on March 27th, aged 98
美国民权运动领袖、牧师约瑟夫•洛厄里，于2020年3月27日逝世，终年98
注：
马丁•路德•金的演讲《我有一个梦想》:”No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until “justice rolls down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream.”
As he ran home crying, the hot tears coursing down his cheeks, he knew exactly what he had to do. He would find his father’s pearl-handled .32. He knew where it was. Then he would run back to the family store while the white police officer was still there, the one who had told him “Get back, nigger! Don’t you see a white man coming in the door?” and had smacked him in the belly with his nightstick—and he would shoot him dead.
他是哭着跑回家的，一路上滚烫的热泪不停滑过脸颊。约瑟夫•洛厄里知道自己要做什么——他要找出父亲那把珍珠手柄的点32口径手枪（他知道枪放在哪里），再跑回那家廉价日杂店，趁着那个白人警官还在，一枪崩了他。刚才，就在那家店里，那白人警官呵斥他“滚开，黑鬼！没看见有白人要进门吗？”，罢了还用警棍狠狠抽打他的肚子。
注：
衍生阅读：《纽约时报》发的讣闻
Luckily his father stopped him in time, saving his child-selffrom being lynched by the outraged whites of Huntsville, Alabama. And it seemed to Joseph Lowery that a seed was planted that day, a seed of struggle. It could have made him hate: just one more insult among the many he was used to, being born black. Instead, it grew towards love. He had learned non-violence. Several years later, when he had given up struggling against the Lord’s call to be a Methodist preacher, the New Testament repeated the lesson: do good to them that hate you. Or as he liked to put it later in one of his rhymes,not suppressing a smile, “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, will leave us all blind and gummin’ our food.”
好在父亲及时制止了他，才使他没有因一时孩子气触怒阿拉巴马州亨特维尔市的白人，而被处以绞刑。对约瑟夫•洛厄里来说，那天的事似乎在他心中播下了一粒种子，抗争的种子。身为黑人，这是他早已见惯不怪的又一桩侮辱，但这一粒本会令他满腹仇恨的种子却朝着爱的方向生长。约瑟夫•洛厄里已经学会了非暴力抵抗。几年之后，他放弃抗争，听从主的召唤成为一名卫理公会牧师时，发现《新约全书》的经文里讲述了同样的道理：对憎恨你的人行善。后来他也喜欢在押韵诗中不无诙谐地这样写道：“若以眼还眼，以牙还牙，将双双目盲，自食恶果”。
That conviction grew all the stronger when he met Martin Luther King. (He liked the guy from the start, even though he was Baptist.) Together in 1957 they founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference that led, with prayers, sit-ins and marches, the civil-rights campaigns of the 1960s: for desegregated lunch counters, for equality in hiring and education, for the vote. When Martin was killed, at 39, in 1968 the SCLCfell on hard times for a decade, but in 1977 he took over as president and broadened what it did. Now it raised its voice against poverty and discrimination in general, against police brutality and the death penalty, as well as for peace in all corners of the world. Justice would roll down like waters, and righteousness like a mightystream.
约瑟夫•洛厄里秉持的这一信念在遇到马丁·路德·金之后变得越发坚定。（尽管后者是浸礼会牧师，他还是从一开始就喜欢上了这个家伙。）1957年，二人共同创立了“南方基督教领袖协会”（以下简称“领袖协会”）。此后，该会以祈祷、静坐及游行的方式领导了上世纪六十年代的民权运动，内容涉及取消种族隔离的午餐柜台，争取黑人在应聘、教育及选举方面的平等权利。1968年，39岁的马丁遇害之后，“领袖协会”经历了十年艰难时期，但约瑟夫•洛厄里1977年接任主席后，扩展了协会的工作范围。如今，“领袖协会”为消灭贫穷和歧视、反对警察暴行、废除死刑而大声疾呼，也为倡导世界和平而积极发声。正义似水，澎湃而来，公正如涧，奔涌而出。
注：
He felt no fear in speaking truth to power. Both Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton felt the hot lash of his tongue for failing to raise up people out of poverty. Both Bushes, senior and junior, were scolded publicly over Iraq: for war, billions more, but no more for the poor. After the march on Selma in 1965 he presented a voting petition to Governor George Wallace—going like Moses through the Red Sea, through a Blue Sea of state troopers—and told him frankly that God would hold him accountable. Though he might seem a mild fellow, with his spectacles and jokes, he had a fire in him that fire-hoses couldn’t wash out. For years he had thought that social justice on Earth had little to do with the kingdom of Heaven. Now he knew that a minister’s job was also to make Earth more heavenly.
约瑟夫·洛厄里敢于直言，不惧权贵。由于扶贫不力，吉米·卡特和比尔·克林顿都领教过他利口如刀的厉害。他公开指责老布什和小布什的伊拉克政策：发动战争，动辄几十亿，济贫救困，分文难舍。1965年，塞尔玛游行之后，约瑟夫·洛厄里如同摩西穿越红海一样，穿过如蓝海般的州警察的层层阻扰，向乔治·华莱士州长递交投票请愿，直言上帝将追究华莱士的责任。尽管外表温文尔雅，带着眼镜，谈吐幽默，但是他内心有一团火，而那团火当局是浇不灭的。他曾认为，人间的社会正义与天国无关。后来他明白，牧师的职责就是要让人间变得更像天堂。
Besides, non-violence had wrought a spiritual change in him. He had become a new creature, perplexing to his enemies, as everyone in the movement had. The first proof came early. In Mobile in 1955 he and another minister rode one day in the front of the bus to Prichard, a more racist town. When a white passenger came up to bawl them out he quietly told him to sit down, and the man obeyed. Pretty soon, no black person on Mobile’s buses had to give up his seat to a white. After this success Martin asked him to help with the year-long bus boycott in much bigger Montgomery, which in 1956 led to the desegregation of buses all over America. Patience paid off. Love worked. They were crazy, perhaps; but good crazy.
此外，非暴力运动引起了他的思想转变。他像变了一个人，令对手迷惑不解，如同所有参加非暴力抵抗运动的人一样。这种转变很早就露出了迹象。1955年的一天，他和另一位牧师乘坐公交车从莫比尔前往种族主义盛行的普里查德。当时他们坐在公交车前排，一名白人乘客走上前来，叫他们滚开。约瑟夫·洛厄里平静地请白人乘客坐下，对方照办了。很快，在莫比尔的公交车上，黑人无须再向白人乘客让座。这次成功之后，马丁邀请约瑟夫·洛厄里到大城市蒙哥马利，帮忙组织长达一年的公交车抵制运动。公交车抵制运动促成了公交车上的种族隔离规定于1956年在全美范围被废除。耐心终究有了回报，以爱示人终究有了成果。也许，他们的举动很疯狂，但是这疯狂获得了好的结果。
Time and again as he campaigned the Lord protected him. (Preachers were useful to Him for that streaming down of justice: independent, strong and servants of the people, not servants of chambers of commerce.) The Lord made him decide to take a train back to Nashville on the night his motel room in Birmingham was blown apart. He held him and his wife Evelyn in the palm of His hand when Klansmen’s bullets whooshed over his head, and through their car, in Decatur, where he was supporting a mentally disabled black man accused of raping a white woman. The Lord even organised it that when he and others were judged by an Alabama court to have libelled a state official, the Supreme Court in 1964 overturned the judgment, and his car, which had been seized, was bought back at auction by a member of his flock.
在上帝庇护下，约瑟夫·洛厄里屡次死里逃生。于上帝而言，牧师是祂派往世间推行正义的使者：他们独立、坚韧，为人民而服务不是为商业利益服务。仿佛是上帝在指引，他决定坐火车返回纳什维尔，而就在当晚，他原本在伯明翰入住的汽车旅馆的房间发生了爆炸。在迪凯特，一位智力不健全的黑人男子被指控强奸了一名白人女子，他因为支持该黑人男子而遭到报复。当三K党人的子弹射穿汽车，从他的头顶呼啸而过时，上帝将他和妻子伊芙琳紧紧护在掌心。甚至当他和同伴被阿拉巴马州地方法院裁决诽谤州政府官员时，上帝又一次出手相帮，让最高法院在1964撤销了对他们的判决，并让他教区的一位信徒从拍卖会上将其被没收的汽车买了回来。
In each of these trials the old anger would flash through him, and with prayer he would hold it back. The hardest point came on that spring day when Martin was shot in Memphis, a rare day when he was not at his side. He curbed his grief by pouring energy into the two big United Methodist churches, Central and Cascade, which he ran in Atlanta for many years, building up membership mightily. But he poured even more into the sclc（1）, Martin’s organisation as he saw it, by keeping that flame burning and by reminding Americans what sort of man his friend had been. A doer, not a dreamer; a revolutionary who challenged the capitalist system and the powers that be（2）, whose birthday should be marked every year with marches against the injustice and inequality that still stalked the land. The job was far from finished. And they had marched too long, bled too profusely, to give up striving now.
这每一个磨难，都可能让过往的愤怒之火重新吞噬他，不过通过祷告他又最终将怒火压下。而这当中最困难的试炼来自于那个春日，马丁路德金被枪杀于孟菲斯市，而偏偏那一天他罕见地并不在马丁的身边。他化悲愤为力量，把精力倾注到他管理多年的两个位于亚特兰大的联合卫理公会大教堂（Central 教堂和Cascade教堂）当中，让教徒数量激增。但是他把更多的精力倾注到了“领袖协会”。在他看来，“领袖协会”是马丁·路德·金一手建立的，所以他要通过努力让马丁的信念之火继续燃烧，还要让美国人永远铭记马丁。马丁是行动派而非空想家；他是敢于挑战资本主义和当权者的革命者，每年都应该以反对美国仍然存在的不公正和不公平的游行活动来纪念马丁的生日。革命远未成功。人们已经前进了这么远，洒下了这么多的热血，现在决不能放弃抗争。。
注：
1.SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference 南方基督教领袖会议
2.the powers that be：当权者，当局
3.as he saw it：如他所见
Ashesawit,hewasmerelyunfortunate.
照他看起来，他只是时运不济罢了。
Thepowersthatbemaykeepusfrombuildingahousejustwherewewantto.
当局可能会阻止我们随意建房屋。
He believed deeply in that struggle. But he also knew that God’s plan was bound to work out. Crooked places would be made straight, the lion would lie down with the lamb and every tear would be dried. Sometimes he could feel God moving in history, nudging it along. It happened when the boss of Morrison’s cafeterias in Montgomery, who refused to desegregate his lunch counters, dropped dead just before the Civil Rights Act(1); and it happened when a black man in 2008 ran for president of the United States.
他深信这种抗争的必要性。但同时，他也知道上帝自有安排，一切终将解决。窒碍难行之地将会畅通无阻，狮子和羔羊也能同榻而眠，而每一滴眼泪都会被擦干。有时他能够感觉到上帝在历史中前进，缓缓地推动历史发展。蒙哥马利城里莫里森自助餐厅的老板拒绝取消种族隔离的就餐台，而就在《民权法案》通过前夕，老板骤然去世，冥冥中像是上帝的旨意发挥了作用；同样，在2008年一位黑人竞选美国总统的时候，也似乎有上帝的支持。
注：
Civil Rights Act：民权法案
Lessthanoneyearlater,PresidentLyndonJohnsonsignedtheCivilRightsAct,endingsegregationpractices.
不到一年以后，林登·约翰逊（LyndonJohnson）总统签署了《民权法》（CivilRightsAct），宣告了种族隔离的结束。
At Barack Obama’s inauguration he was asked to give the benediction. He was delighted to; that way, he would get the last word. Time for a rhyme, but a heartfelt one. He prayed for a day when black would not be asked to get back, brown could stick around, yellow would be mellow, and white would embrace what was right. “The Star-Spangled Banner” was the only thing that followed him.
在奥巴马的就职典礼上，他受邀主持赐福祈祷。他欣然前往，因为这样，他就能够在最后发言了。发言既要押韵，还得真情流露。他祈祷着有一天黑皮肤的人可以不被喝退，棕色皮肤的人可以随意徘徊，黄皮肤的人可以柔美，而白皮肤的人可以拥抱正义。在他说完这些之后，只有美国国歌《星光灿烂的旗帜》的歌声在响彻不休。
As an anti-war campaigner it was not a piece he liked, with all that “bombs bursting in air” stuff. But it sounded better than ever then. It was not the anthem that had changed; the country had changed. Say amen! And amen! In the fierce cold of that January day, hot tears coursed down his cheeks.
作为一个反战主义者，那首歌里面没有一句是他喜欢的，整首歌里满是“炸弹在空中爆炸”这样的句子。但那天，这首歌却前所未有的动听。不是歌变了，而是美国变了。阿门！阿门！在那个严寒的一月天，几滴滚烫的热泪，滑落了他的面颊。
翻译组：
Alex，不务正业的理工男
Vicky，少儿英语老师+笔译新人
Lixia，女，爱爬山的健身小白，美食狂人
校核组：
Mona，悦读悦译，以译会友
Dave，实力校对，肌肉男大学教师，文学翻译+CATTI一笔二口
Rachel，学理工科，爱跳芭蕾，热爱文艺的非典型翻译（年年备战一口）
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